Primbon

Primbon 2

Topic :
1.Gratitude, Compliment & Congratulation
2.Surprises & Disbeliefs
3.Advertisement
4.Narrative text
5.Modals in the past form
6.Direct & Indirect speech
7.Descriptive text
8.Simple Present Tense
9.News Item
10.Finite Verbs
11.Noun Phrases and . . .
12.Passive Voice


Gratitude, Compliment & Congratulation


- Gratitude : The way to said thank you to other people.
To express gratitude, you can say :
• Thank you very much
• I’am greateful (to…)
• I want to thank . . .
• I want to express my gratitude to . . .
• I keep forgetting to thank you for . . .

Respon : of expressing :
• You are welcome
• Don’t mention it
• Not at all
• It was nothing at all
• No problem
• Glad to be of help
• (It was) my pleasure
• I’m glad I could : Help
Do it
Be of help
• Anytime

- Congratulation : To said “good” for other people.
Expressing :
• Conglatulation
• Well done
• That’s : Fantastic
Marveollos
Great
Wonder full

- Compliment : to give praising to other people.
Some people use compliment to “better up” someday or to flatter in order to increase good will. You compliment someone, for example :
• On his / her general appearance.
• If you notice something new about the person’s appearance.
• When you visit some one’s.
• House for the first time.
• Whan other people do their best.

Expressing :
• What a nice dress
• You look great
• You look very nice
• I really must express my admiration for your dance
• Good grades
• Excellent
• Nice work


Andvertisement
Advertisement : Information persuade and motivate people so that attracted to service and things that offer.

Fungtion of advertisement :
• Promotion
• Communication
• Information

We can find the advertisement on newspaper,tabloid,radio,television,billboard,etc.
Kinds of advertisement :
• Family advertisement
• Announcement advertisement
• Invitation advertisement
• Request advertisement
• Offer advertisement
• Sponsor advertisement
• Article advertisement

In making an Advertisement,keep the following points :
• The contents of advertisement must objective and honest.
• Short and clean.
• Doesn’t allude other group or producer.
• Use word that polite and logical.
• Attract attention.


Narrative Text
The purpose of the text : to entertain, create, stimulate, emotions, motivate, guide, and teach.

Structure :
1. Orientation : it sets the scane and introdures the participans (who,when,what,where).
2. Evaluation : A stepping back to evaluate the plight (the information about the narator’s poin of new). It is optional.
3. Complication : A ciisis or problem arises.
4. Resolution : A solution to the problem.
5. Re-Orientation : Kesimpulan (optional).


Modals In the Past Form
Modals in the past form : kata Bantu pengandaian dalam bentuk lampau.

Modals in the past are :
• Could
• Would
• Should
• Shall

- Could + Verb base
We can use this expression : to offer suggestion or possibilities.
Example :
Rosa : I’m having trowble with math.
Vita : Why don’t you ask putri ?
Perhaps she could help you.

- Might + verb base
Use might to tell possibilities.
Vita : Why is Rio taking the bus to get home.
Dina : He might get a flat time.

- Would + verb base
Use would for an action that was repeated regulary in the past.
Ani : What did you usually do on holidays ?
Fani : I would visit my grandparents in the village, but how not anymore.

- Would + mind + V-ing
Use would to express polite request.
Mr.Herman : Would you mind posting the letter ?
Vita : No. Not at all.

- Should + verb base
Nova : Ria, you should go to library now ?
Ria : O.K.


Direct & Indirect Speech

Direct Speech : refers to reproducing another person’s exact words. We use quotation marks ( “ “ )
Indirect Speech : refers to reproducing the idea of another person’s word. Not all of the exact words are used : verb forms and pronwns my change.

There are 3 kinds of Indirect Speech :
1. Command / request (permintaan)
Direct : Mrs.Chandra said to vita “Don’t worry about “
2. Question (pertanyaan)
Direct : Vita asted “Are you a jounarlist?”
Indirect : Vita asked if / whether I was a journalist.
3. Statement (pertanyaan)
Direct : Mr.Chandra said “I worked hard yesterday”.
Indirect : Mr.Chandra said that he worked hard the day before.


Descriptive Text

Descriptive : melukiskan, menggambarkan, menceritakan dengan detail.
Descriptive text : Describing something by word.
Generic structure of descriptive text :
1. Definition / classification
2. Description


Simple Present Tense
Formula : S + to be
Example : Rabbit is one kind of pet that so many people it.



News Item

A News Item text is a factual text which inform reader of daily newspaper about events of the day which are regarder as news worth or important.
The structure of the text consist of three parts:
1. News Worthy event : recounts the events in summary form.
2. Background events : elaborate what happened, to whom, and in what circum stances.
3. Source : comments by participants in, withesses to, and authorities expert on the event.
Tenses usually used is Simple Past.


Finite Verbs

A Finite Verbs is a verb that is inflected for person and for tense according to the rules and categories of the languages in which it occurs.
In English, only verbs in certain mood are finite. These Include :
• Indicative mood : expressing a state of affairs.
• Imperative mood : giving a command.



Noun Phrases

Noun is word to point / signed at the thing.
For example : the tall, my brother,loneliness, etc. Phrase is a group of words. So, noun phrases is a group of word that to point / signed at the thing.
The Function of Noun Phrases .
a) Subject
Example : The children play on the forest.
b) Object
Example : My mother buys a basket of vegetables.
c) Complement
Example : Bogor is a rainy location.


Passive Voice

Use Of Passive
Passive Voice is used when the focus is on the action. It is not important or not known, however, who or what is performing the action.
Example : My bike was stolen.
In the example above, the focus is on the fact that my bike was stolen. I do not know, however, who did it.
Sometimes a statement in passive is more polite than active voice, as the following example shows :
Example : A mistake was made.
In this case, I focus on the fact that a mistake was made, but I do not blame anyone (e.g.You have made a mistake).

My primbon

PRIMBON 1

· GREETINGS

· GIVING INSTRUCTIONS

· SIMPLE PRESENT AND SIMPLE PAST

· MAKINNG APPOINTMENTS

· RECOUNT TEXT

· NARRATIVE TEXT

· PROCEDURE TEXT

· MAKING WRITTEN ANNOUNCEMENTS

· EXPRESSING HAPPINESS

· EXPRESSING SYMPATHY

· HOW TO INTIVITE PEOPLE ORALLY

· HOW TO GAIN PEOPLE

GREETINGS

Greetings is customary or rituali sed words or phrases used to introduce oneself or to greet someone.

Gretings can be expressed both audibly and physically, and often involve a combination of the two.

Greetings are often, but not always, used just prior to a conversation.

Hello, Hi

Good morning

Good night

Good bye, bye

See you soon

See you letter

Please

Thank you

You’re welcome

Excuse me

Sorry

Congratulations

Good luck

“Short dialogue of Greetings”

1. Dewi : Hi, Lis !

Lisa : Hi, Dewi !

Dewi : How are you today?

Lisa : Great !

Giving Instruction

Giving instruction is an expression for give or ask somebody to do something we want. Giving instruction same with imperative sentences.

1. Command

a.) Verb (+O)

Examples : Watch out, come here.

b.) Please + V (+O)

Examples : Please clean your room.

c.) V (+O) + Please

Examples : Wash this towel, please.

2. Prohibition

a.) Don’t + V (+O)

Examples : Don’t close it.

b.) Don’t + V (+O) + Please

Examples : Don’t be noise, please.

c.) Would you mind not + V-ing (+O)

Examples : Would you mind not reading my Diary.

3. Kinds of Giving Instructions

a) Verb 1

Example : Wash your hand sat your meal sit

down.

b) Be + adjective

Examples : Be yourself !

Be a good student !

Be strong !

c) Don’t + V.Infinitive

Examples : Don’t armb !

Don’t eat !

Don’t approach !

d) No + Verb-ing

Examples : No Smooking !

No Swimming !

Simple Present

Formula : S + to be

Example : Rabbit is one kind of pet that so many people it.

Simple Past

FORM

(VERB+ed) or irregular verbs

Example : 1. You called Debbie.

USE 1 Completed Action in the past

Use the simple past to express the idea that an action started and finished at a specific time in the past.

Example :

I saw a movie yesterday.

USE 2 A Series of Completed Actions

We use Simple Past to list a series of completed actions happen 1^st, 2^nd, 3^rd, 4^th, and so on.

Example : I finished works walked to the beach, and found a nice place to swim.

USE 3 Duration in Past

The Simple Past can be used with a duration which starts and stops in the past.

Example :

I lives in Brazil for two years.

USE 4 Habits in the Past

The Simple Past can also be used to describe a habit which stopped in the past.

Example :

I studied French when I was a child.

USE 5 Past Facts or Generalizations

The Simple Past can also be used to describe past facts or generalizations which are no longer true.

Example :

She was shy as a child, but now she is very out going.

IMPORTANT when-clauses Happen First

Example :

When I paid her one dollar, she answered my question.

ACTIVE/PASSIVE

Examples :

Tom repaired the car. (ACTIVE)

The car was repaired by Tom. (PASSIVE)

ADVERB PLACEMENT

The examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as : always, only, never, ever, still, just, etc.

Example:

You just called Debbie.

Making Appointemen

Making appointemen is the way of when we ware go or

Come to do something please with invite comeone or

More.

Example :

· Making an appointements

- I’d like to make an appointements with . . .

· Accepting an appointements

- All right, see you there.

· Canceling an appointements

- I’m sorry, I’m very busy.

Recount Text

Recount is a text which has social function to retell

Events for the purpose or entertaining it means that

You make recount texthas following.

Structure text recount :

1. Orientation

2. Events

3. Re-Orientation

Narrative Text

Narrative text is a text that purpose the amuse or to

Entertain the readers or the ustener and deal.

Structure text narrative :

1. Orientation

2. Complication

3. Resolution

4. Re-Orientation

Procedure Text

Procedure text is designed to describe how to something is archieved through a sequence of actions or steps.

Structure procedure text :

1. Aim/goal

2. Materials

3. Steps

Making Written Announcements

Making Written Announcements is written announcements so that now people.

Example :

Announcement

This is a new School year. Many new students are around and they need to know our school rules. Please be helpful to them and extend courtesy to their parents. Thank you.

Principal

Expressing Happiness

Expressing happiness is the expressions does use to show if we happy and pleasure.

Examples :

1. I am so happy.

2. I am excited.

Expressing Sympathy

Expressing Sympathy is the expression to extend if we care about something.

Example :

I am sorry to hear that.

How Invite People Orally

Examples :

1. Would you like to come to my party tonight ?

2. I invite you to have dinner with us.

How to Gain People Attention Orally

Example :

Ladies and gentleman, pacattention please.